分享好友 英语资讯首页 频道列表

美国政府

边读边学  2016-09-29 10:340

Government

美国政府  

"Of the people, by the people, and for the people." That's how Abraham Lincoln described the American government in his Gettysburg Address. These simple phrases capture the essence of American democracy. Instead of ruling over U.S. citizens, the government is ruled by them. Elected officials are known as public servants who represent their constituents. Americans can get involved in government by voting, by writing letters to their representatives and even by organizing peaceful demonstrations to make their voices heard. Each American citizen has a vested interest in how he or she is governed. Former President Theodore Roosevelt expressed the American view of government well: "The government is us."

「民有、民治、民享」,这是亚伯拉罕.林肯在盖茨堡演说时,描绘的美国政府。这简短的几个字道出了美国民主的真谛。美国政府不是统治人民而是受人民所统治。民选的官员被认为是人民的公仆,他们代表的是他们的选民。美国人可经由投票,向他们的代表陈情、甚至于组织和平的示威活动,来发表心声,参与政事。每一个美国公民都有一份保护自身利益的权利与义务,来决定他们的政府该如何执政,前总统泰迪.罗斯福深刻地表达了美国人对政府的看法:「政府就是我们。」

At first glance, it might seem that the U.S. president, as "leader of the free world," is the "ruler" of America. On Inauguration Day, the swearing in of President Bill Clinton for his second term will reflect the pomp and circumstance of a coronation ceremony, with dignitaries from around the world in attendance. Even as far back as George Washington, who once rejected a suggestion to become "King of America," people have sought to ascribe far-reaching powers to the president. But the Constitution ensures that the president will not become an all-powerful ruler.

乍看之下,身为「自由世界领袖」的美国总统似乎是美国的「统治者」。在就职日,来自世界各地达官显要的出席,使柯林顿总统的第二任就职宣誓仪式,如同国王加冕典礼一般的华丽与隆重。即使远朔自华盛顿总统,他曾经拒绝了成为「美国国王」的建议,人们还是想要把无比的权力赋予总统。但是美国宪法确保了总统不会成为一个集权的统治者。

The U.S. government, as outlined by the Constitution, is divided into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative branch passes the laws, the executive enforces the laws and the judicial interprets the laws. The legislative branch is comprised of the two houses of Congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Thanks to CNN, C/SPAN and the nightly news, many lawmakers have almost become celebrities in their own right. The executive branch is represented by the president, who is called the chief executive or chief of state. Besides that, as commander in chief of the armed forces, the president carries more than a little clout in world affairs. The judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court and about 100 other federal courts. The nine Supreme Court justices hold office for life.

美国宪法概略的将政府分为三部份:立法部门、行政部门及司法部门。立法部门通过法律:行政部门执行法律而司法部门诠释法律。立法部门由国会的参议院及众议院所组成。承蒙CNNC/SPAN和夜间新闻之抬爱,这些议员们都因个人的论调、举止成了名人。行政部门由总统代表,他被称为最高行政长官、或是国家元首。除此之外,身为三军司令,美国总统在世界局势所有的影响力也是不小的。司法部门是由最高法院及大约100个其它的联邦法院所组成。九位最高法院的法官是终身职。#p#

In order to prevent any one branch of government from becoming more powerful than the other two, the Constitution has established a system of "checks and balances." For instance, when Congress passes a bill, it must have the signature of the president in order to become law. But even if the president rejects the bill, Congress can override his veto with a two-thirds majority vote in both the House and the Senate. The Supreme Court, as final arbiter of the Constitution, can overturn legislative acts or executive orders if it finds them to be unconstitutional. In this way, the powers of government are balanced, or held in check.

为避免任何一个部门的权力大过其它两个部门,宪法设立了一套「制衡」制度。例如,当国会通过一个法案,它必须由总统签署后才能成为法律。但即使总统否决了这个法案,国会可以透过参、众两院三分之二的票数同意而不顾他的否决。身为宪法最后仲裁者的最高法院,如果发现法令或是行政命令违宪,可以将其推翻。如此,政府的权力就可以被制衡了。

In many countries, power rests with a strong centralized government. In contrast, under the American federal system, the national government shares its power with the state governments. The federal government possesses only those powers clearly delineated in the Constitution; all remaining powers are reserved for the states.

在许多国家,权力集中于中央政府。相对之下,在美国联邦制度下,国家政府与州政府分摊权力。联邦政府只拥有宪法中明确陈述的权力,其它所有的权力都保留在州政府。

The English political theorist Thomas Paine wrote in 1776, "Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in its worst state, an intolerable one." The American government, like every government, has its share of thorny problems. An increasing number of governmental agencies and government workers has created the problem of bureaucracy, where a mountain of paperwork stifles efficiency. Lobbyists make appeals to Congress on behalf of special interest groups. As a result, those with the biggest lobby--and the most money--tend to have the loudest voice in Washington.

英国政治理论家汤玛士.潘尼在一七七六年写道:「政府,即使在在其最好的状态,也不过是一个无可避免的恶魔;在它最坏的状态,就是一个无法忍受的恶魔。」美国政府就像每一个政府一样,也有棘手的问题。不断增加的政府机构及公务员造成了官僚政治的问题,使堆积如山的纸上作业扼杀了效率。游说者为特定利益团体向国会上诉请愿。结果,说官人数最多,即钱最多的团体,在华盛顿就有最大的声音。

Americans harbor mixed feelings about their own government. They recognize the need for it, but they remain suspicious of it. To some Americans, the government is Big Brother, an oppressive organization which delights in taxing its people and meddling in their affairs. To others, the government is a rich Uncle Sam who provides for the poor and protects his people from bullies at home and abroad. But no matter how they view their government, Americans wouldn't trade it for any other on the face of the earth.

美国人对他们自己的政府怀有复杂的情感。他们知道它存在必要性,但还是对它存疑。对某些美国人来说,政府是一个压抑人民的组织,以向人民征税为乐,并干预人民隐私的「老大哥」。对其他人来说,政府是一个富有的山姆叔叔,它供养穷人并保护它的人民在国内外免受欺凌。不管他们怎样看待他们的政府,美国人都不会将它与地球上任何一个政府交换的.

相关单词:constituents

constituents解释:n.选民( constituent的名词复数 );成分;构成部分;要素

constituents例句:

She has the full support of her constituents. 她得到本区选民的全力支持。

Hydrogen and oxygen are the constituents of water. 氢和氧是水的主要成分。 来自《简明英汉词典》

相关单词:demonstrations

demonstrations解释:证明( demonstration的名词复数 ); 表明; 表达; 游行示威

demonstrations例句:

Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。

The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。

相关单词:inauguration

inauguration解释:n.开幕、就职典礼

inauguration例句:

The inauguration of a President of the United States takes place on January 20.美国总统的就职典礼于一月二十日举行。

Three celebrated tenors sang at the president's inauguration.3位著名的男高音歌手在总统就职仪式上演唱。

相关单词:legislative

legislative解释:n.立法机构,立法权;adj.立法的,有立法权的

legislative例句:

Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。

Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。

相关单词:judicial

judicial解释:adj.司法的,法庭的,审判的,明断的,公正的

judicial例句:

He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。

Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

相关单词:celebrities

celebrities解释:n.(尤指娱乐界的)名人( celebrity的名词复数 );名流;名声;名誉

celebrities例句:

He only invited A-list celebrities to his parties. 他只邀请头等名流参加他的聚会。

a TV chat show full of B-list celebrities 由众多二流人物参加的电视访谈节目

相关单词:clout

clout解释:n.用手猛击;权力,影响力

clout例句:

The queen may have privilege but she has no real political clout.女王有特权,但无真正的政治影响力。

He gave the little boy a clout on the head.他在那小男孩的头部打了一下。

相关单词:supreme

supreme解释:adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的

supreme例句:

It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。

He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

相关单词:override

override解释:vt.不顾,不理睬,否决;压倒,优先于

override例句:

The welfare of a child should always override the wishes of its parents.孩子的幸福安康应该永远比父母的愿望来得更重要。

I'm applying in advance for the authority to override him.我提前申请当局对他进行否决。

相关单词:arbiter

arbiter解释:n.仲裁人,公断人

arbiter例句:

Andrew was the arbiter of the disagreement.安德鲁是那场纠纷的仲裁人。

Experiment is the final arbiter in science.实验是科学的最后仲裁者。

相关单词:thorny

thorny解释:adj.多刺的,棘手的

thorny例句:

The young captain is pondering over a thorny problem.年轻的上尉正在思考一个棘手的问题。

The boys argued over the thorny points in the lesson.孩子们辩论功课中的难点。

相关单词:stifles

stifles解释:(使)窒息, (使)窒闷( stifle的第三人称单数 ); 镇压,遏制

stifles例句:

This stifles the development of the financial sector. 这就遏制了金融部门的发展。

The fruits of such a system are a glittering consumer society which stifles creativity and individuality. 这种制度的结果就是一个压制创造性和个性的闪光的消费者社会。

相关单词:meddling

meddling解释:v.干涉,干预(他人事务)( meddle的现在分词 )

meddling例句:

He denounced all "meddling" attempts to promote a negotiation. 他斥责了一切“干预”促成谈判的企图。 来自辞典例句

They liked this field because it was never visited by meddling strangers. 她们喜欢这块田野,因为好事的陌生人从来不到那里去。 来自辞典例句

相关单词:bullies

bullies解释:n.欺凌弱小者, 开球 vt.恐吓, 威胁, 欺负

bullies例句:

Standing up to bullies takes plenty of backbone. 勇敢地对付暴徒需有大无畏精神。

Bullies can make your life hell. 恃强欺弱者能让你的日子像活地狱。

查看更多关于【边读边学】的文章

展开全文
相关推荐
反对 0
举报 0
评论 0
图文资讯
热门推荐
优选好物
更多推荐文章
新年沉思
Thoughts for a new year   Most of us look away when we pass strangers. It is the expectional person who stops to help the woman maneuvering her kids and groceries up the staircase. We rarely give up in line or on the subway or bus. Locked

0评论2016-11-22459

送给罗丝的玫瑰
Roses for Rose  Red roses were her favorites, her name was also Rose. And every year her husband sent them, tied with pretty bows. The year he died, the roses were delivered to her door. The card said, "Be my Valentine, "like all the years

0评论2016-11-16666

回归童真
Peeling Away Artifice For the Pure Original   Sarah came running in."Look what I found." Over the top of the paper I was reading came a crispy, crumbling long object that caused me to jump. It was a snake skin that had been shed by one of

0评论2016-11-14688

人的包装
"Packaging" A Person   A person, like a commodity, needs packaging. But going too far is absolutely undesirable. A little exaggeration, however, does no harm when it shows the person's unique qualities to their advantage. To display perso

0评论2016-11-07965

秋之湖
Lake Of Autumn  I remember quite clearly now when the story happened. The autumn leaves were floating in 1)measure down to the ground, recovering the lake, where we used to swim like children, under the sun was there to shine. That time we

0评论2016-11-06601

何谓真爱:爱只是一根线
                                             Love Is Just a Thread  Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents. Every day they are very busy trying to earn money in order

0评论2016-10-26385

自信
Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives. Others feel they are at the mercy of fate.   New research shows that part of those feelings are in the genes.   Psychologists have long known that people con

0评论2016-10-01533

牛津大学
OXFORD UNIVERSITY  牛津大学  Oxford University once famously claimed to have been founded by Alfred the Great in the 9th Century, but in fact, the University as we know it today began to take shape in the 12th Century when English Scholar

0评论2016-10-01782

我们这个时代的尴尬
Paradox of Our Times我们这个时代的尴尬 [1]We have bigger houses and smaller families; more conveniences, but less time; we have more degrees, but less common sense; more knowledge, but less judgement; more experts, but more problems; more

0评论2016-09-30499

现代智语
Words of Wisdom for the Modern Age现代智语 IN This ARTICLE: Wisdom today means something different for the young, modem Western generation.本文简介:对今天西方的年轻一代来说,智慧别有一番含义。  [1] Wisdom of the ancients always served civ

0评论2016-09-30495

日本的新一代
The New Generation in Japan日本的新一代 IN THIS ARTICLE: Japanese students seem to be losing patience with work ... (and) prefer easy jobs without heavy responsibility.本文简介:日本学生似乎正对工作失去耐心…(而且)更喜欢无需负重大责任的轻

0评论2016-09-30495

网络墓园
Graves on the Web网络墓园1. Looking for a dead person? Don't 1)wander from graveyard to 2)graveyard, reading endless 3)tombstones. Find out exactly where you need to look by 4)consulting Findagrave.com, a 5)directory of the graves of thousa

0评论2016-09-30898

足球知识知多少?
TEAMS Each soccer team has eleven players and three substitute, or reserve players. The team consists of a goalkeeper, defenders, midfield players, and forwards (or strikers). The object of the game is to get the ball into your opponent's g

0评论2016-09-29673

美国人对人权的看法
Human Rights 美国人对人权的看法  The time is 1905. A steamship sails on a vast ocean. "Daddy, will we ever get to America?" asks a weary lad. "Soon, my child, soon," his father replies. "We've been on this ship for weeks. I wish we we

0评论2016-09-29752

美国人的音乐爱好
Music 美国人的音乐爱好James Fenimore Cooper, an early American writer, once said, "The Americans are almost ignorant of the art of music." If that was once true, you would never know it today. Most Americans--even those without a musical bo

0评论2016-09-29492

美国的选举
Elections 美国的选举 Suprises often come in boxes. Birthday presents wrapped in colorful paper, brown paper packages mailed from a friend. No matter what kind of box it is, people like to open it up and see what's inside. In America, and in

0评论2016-09-29957

美国人的开车习惯
Driving 美国人的开车习惯  Meet Mitsuaki. He recently arrived in the United States to enter university. He wants to do well in his studies and adjust to the new culture. But Mitsuaki has a problem. It's not his roommates. It's not his schoo

0评论2016-09-291120

美国方式:帮助他人
Helping Others 美国方式:帮助他人  Christmas in America means different things to different people. To some people, Christmas means brightly wrapped packages under a decorated tree. To others, it means family reunions and a wonderful meal

0评论2016-09-29438

美式运动
Sports 美式运动  In many parts of the world, there are four seasons: spring, summer, fall and winter. In the U.S., there are only three: football, basketball and baseball. That's not completely true, but almost. In every season, Americans

0评论2016-09-29980

美国人的时间观
Time美国人的时间观 What is time? Is it a thing to be saved or spent or wasted, like money? Or is it something we have no control over, like the weather? Is time the same all over the world? That's an easy question, you say. Wherever you go,

0评论2016-09-29943

更多推荐