看到这个花瓶，你能猜出它大概是哪个朝代的吗？
这艳丽的配色，这细密复杂的花纹，不少小伙伴一下子就能想到：是乾隆那会儿的吧！
毕竟，相比雍正的“小清新文艺风”，乾隆早就被网友吐槽过堪称“农家乐”审美。
然而，对于大多数歪果仁来说，鉴别中国古董就有点儿困难了……
最近，英国发生了一件事，引来国内网友疯狂吐槽：太不识货了！
《每日邮报》：中国花瓶以1英镑在慈善商店售出，却被发现是价值8万英镑、18世纪乾隆皇帝时期的罕见珍宝
据英国《每日邮报》报道，英国一男子以1英磅（8.6元人民币）的价格，从赫特福德郡的一家慈善商店买走一个花瓶，随后他又以低廉的价格挂在eBay上。
A vase which sold for just £1 at a charity shop is now listed at £80,000 after it was revealed it was made for an 18th century Chinese emperor.
The Qianlong Emperor's vase made its way to a store in Hertfordshire where it was picked up for £1 and then listed on eBay for a pittance.
然而，eBay网站上的大量报价，让这位不愿透露姓名的买家傻了眼……
他很快意识到，这只黄色小花瓶远比他预想的更值钱。
But the unnamed buyer soon realised it must be worth more than he was asking when he was inundated with offers for the tiny yellow vase.
于是，他把这只花瓶送到了英国艺术和古董拍卖行斯沃德。拍卖行的工作人员告诉他，这只花瓶其实是为中国皇帝乾隆（1735年-1796年在位）制作的。
He took it to Sworders Fine Art Auctioneers' in Stansted Mountfitchet, Essex, who told him the eight inch vase was made for the emperor who reigned from 1735 to 1796.
拍卖行专家表示，花瓶上刻着乾隆皇家的花纹，意味着它并不是用来出口的，而是放置于皇帝的某座宫殿。
The Qianlong Emperor was the sixth Emperor of the Qing dynasty who reigned from 1735 to 1796, the family rose is marked upon the vase meaning it wasn't for export, but for one of the emperor's palaces.
瓶身刻有一首“乾隆御题”诗：“一瓣名香静里焚，篆烟缕缕白如云。幽情未许旁人㑹，手自翻书到夕曛。”
旁边还有两枚印章，一个写着“乾隆宸翰”即“乾隆皇帝亲笔”，另一个是“惟精惟一”，意即“用功精深、用心专一”（“be precise, be undivided”）。
It is inscribed with an imperial poem that "praises incense" and two iron-red seal marks that read "Qianlong chen han" or "the Qianlong Emperor's own mark". It also reads "Weijing weiyi" which translates to "be precise, be undivided".
这首御制诗名为《夏兴三十首》（载于《御制乐善堂全集定本•卷三十》），是弘历为皇子之宝亲王时期作品。诗中细腻地描绘了一幅夏日青年弘历于宫中品香的优雅情致。
这个梨形花瓶的设计独特，其背面平整，可贴在墙上做装饰，正面有花饰。
The pear-shaped vase is designed to be attached to a wall, with a flat back and floral decoration on the front.
11月8日，斯沃德拍卖行将被委托拍卖这个花瓶，估价在5万-8万英镑（43—69万元人民币）之间。
斯沃德的亚洲艺术部主管李业雪（音译）说:“这位男士因为喜欢花瓶的外观而在慈善商店买下了它。但他没有意识到其重要价值，所以他以非常低的起拍价把它放到了eBay上，引起了很多人的兴趣。”
Yexue Li, head of the Asian art department at Sworders, said: "The gentleman vendor was in the charity shop and picked out the vase because he liked the look of it. He was unaware of his significance so he put it on eBay with a very low starting price to begin with and there was a lot of interest."
“花瓶的釉上彩也很特别，因为是在黄色背景上用的洋彩，而黄色当时是皇帝的御用色。”
"The enamel on the vase is special because it uses yangcai (foreign) enamels on a yellow ground - a special colour traditionally reserved for the emperor."
这件事在微博上被爆出后，引来网友直呼：老外太不识货了！
也有人又忍不住吐槽起了乾隆的审美……
不过，也有不少网友表示：国宝外流真的让人痛心……
据中国文物学会统计，自1840年鸦片战争以来，因战争、不正当贸易等原因，有超过1000万件中国文物流失到海外，几乎涵盖所有文物种类。而据联合国教科文组织不完全统计，在全世界47个国家200多家博物馆的藏品中，有164万件中国文物，民间收藏的中国文物大约是馆藏数量的10倍以上。
据《解放日报》报道，追索海外流失文物一直是世界性难题，1995年6月24日签订于罗马的《国际统一私法协会关于被盗或者非法出口文物的公约》，明确规定50年前流失文物不可上溯追索，这使得我国只能声明保留对历史上被非法掠夺文物的追索权。
不过，近年来，我国不断探索促成流失文物回归的多种途径，逐步建立综合使用外交斡旋、协商谈判、执法合作、司法诉讼等方式的流失文物追索返还工作模式，成功促成了30余批次近4000件套流失文物回归祖国，其中圆明园鼠首兔首、秦公晋侯青铜器、大堡子山金饰片等重要文物已先后入藏中国国家博物馆、上海博物馆、甘肃省博物馆等。
在大量流失海外的中国文物中，有几件大家比较熟悉……
圆明园十二生肖兽首铜像
（2018年8月，圆明园十二生肖兽首中的四枚兽首“牛首、虎首、猴首、猪首”在广东肇庆市展出。图源：中新社）
圆明园十二生肖兽首铜像，原为圆明园海晏堂外的喷泉的一部分，是清乾隆年间的红铜铸像。1860年，英法联军入侵北京，火烧圆明园，十二兽首在英法联军的劫掠过后流散于海外。至今，十二兽首之中，八尊已经回国。蛇首、羊首、鸡首、狗首仍然下落不明。
The animal heads symbolizing the 12 animal signs of the Chinese zodiac, including pig, ox, monkey and tiger, were originally water outlets, part of the fountain in the Old Summer Palace.
圆明园青铜“虎鎣”
（Photo by Jiang Dong/China Daily）
圆明园青铜“虎鎣”为西周晚期文物，顶盖内铸有 "自作供鎣" 铭文，因其精美独特的造型、罕见的虎形装饰而具有重要的历史、艺术和文化价值。相关资料显示，青铜“虎鎣”原为清宫皇室旧藏，1860年被英国军官哈利·埃文斯从圆明园劫掠获得，此后一直由其家族收藏。
2018年4月，"虎鎣"在英国坎特伯雷拍卖行被拍卖，后来买家通过拍卖行联系国家文物局，表示希望将其无条件捐赠。2018年12月11日，这件约3000年历史、于19世纪被掠走并流失英国的青铜器终于重回祖国，被移交给国家博物馆。
A Chinese bronze vessel some 3,000 years old that was looted and taken to the UK in the 19th century has returned to its country of origin. It was transferred to the National Museum of China on December 11, 2018. The vessel, known as the Bronze Tiger Ying, was auctioned in April by Britain's Canterbury Auction Galleries. The buyer, through the auction house, contacted China's State Administration of Cultural Heritage later and expressed hope for an unconditional donation.
Information shows the vessel, from the late period of the Western Zhou Dynasty (c. 11th century-771 BC) and once belonging to the royal family of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), was taken away by British military officer Harry Evans from the Old Summer Palace, which was sacked and destroyed in 1860 during the invasion of Anglo-French allied forces.
皿方罍
("Min er quan" Fanglei ,Photo by Guo Liliang/Asianewsphoto)
皿方罍全称“皿天全方罍”，为目前所见商周青铜罍中体量最大的一件器物，被誉为“方罍之王”。
1919年皿方罍出土于湖南桃源一个小山村，后器身被文物商人购得流失海外，自此身、盖离散近九十年。2014年，湖南人用“众筹”的方式，以2000余万美元洽购器身回国，最终让国宝合体。
2018年，央视综艺节目《国家宝藏》其中一期讲述了“完罍归湘”的故事，长达一个世纪的归家路，感动了无数网友，并登上微博热搜。
The "Min er quan" Fanglei is a bronze wine vessel unearthed in 1919 at Taoyuan county, Central China's Hunan province. The container, with varied carving techniques, impressed people with its elegance and solemnity and was thus hailed as "king of all fangleis". It was also considered a representative work of the Shang Dynasty (1600 BC-1046 BC), the peak of Chinese bronze culture.
Since its excavation in 1919, the two parts were separated for nearly a century. In 2014, the body was brought back to China from overseas and reunited with its lid.
据中国日报网报道，2019年4月24日，“归来——意大利返还中国流失文物展”在国家博物馆举行开幕仪式。700余件意大利返还中国的流失文物艺术品在国博首次展出，包括西汉彩绘茧形陶壶、唐代彩绘陶骆驼，以及宋代白釉刻花碗等。
The exhibition, titled "The Journey Back Home" showcases more than 700 pieces of returned Chinese artifacts, including a painted pottery pot from the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC - 8 AD), a colored camel pottery figurine from the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and a white-glazed bowl from the Song Dynasty (960-1279).
(Hundreds of Chinese cultural relics repatriated from Italy finally are made available for public viewing at the National Museum of China in Beijing. Photo by Jiang Dong/China Daily)
这批文物是2007年意大利蒙扎地区保护文化遗产宪兵队在日常巡查的过程中发现的。大部分文物都在中国出土，并通过非法途径流散到意大利。
中国国家文物局得知相关信息后，随后展开了追索工作。经过十年的司法程序，意大利米兰城市法院在2014年确认了中国政府对这些文物的所有权，并在2018年11月决定将796件文物返还中国。
China's National Cultural Heritage Administration filed papers seeking their return and, after a decade long judicial process, Italy's Milan City Court confirmed the Chinese government's ownership of the cultural artifacts in 2014 and made the final decision to return the 796 artifacts to China in November 2018.
(Photo by Jiang Dong/China Daily)
文化和旅游部部长雒树刚表示，此次文物返还，是中国流失文物追索返还工作中历时最长的案例，也是近20年来最大规模的中国流失文物回归。
2015年6月，故宫发布《故宫保护总体规划2013-2025》，根据规划，故宫博物院将建立流散文物清单，制定未来10年回归计划。
据央视网报道，从上世纪80年代开始，我国文物保护立法不断完善，通过执法合作、外交斡旋、司法诉讼、谈判协商等多种方式，已经成功从英国、美国、法国、丹麦、加拿大、澳大利亚等国追索回了5000余件流失文物。
More than 5,000 pieces of Chinese cultural relics have been repatriated from countries including Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, the United Kingdom and the United States, as result of efforts made by China such as law enforcement cooperation with other countries, lawsuits and negotiations.
只盼更多流落海外的国宝，早日回家！
（编辑：赛博碗）
综合来源：中国日报，人民网，澎湃新闻，每日邮报
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