据新闻网站BNO8月23日报道，据意大利的研究人员发现，一名男子同时检出感染了猴痘病毒、新冠病毒和艾滋病病毒，属于全球首例。此前，这名男子曾前往西班牙旅行。
Researchers in Italy have reported the first known case of someone testing positive for monkeypox, COVID-19 and HIV at the same time. All three infections were new and followed a short trip to Spain.
该名意大利男子现年36岁，曾在西班牙旅行5天，回国9天后出现症状，包括发热、咽喉痛、乏力、头疼以及腹股沟发炎等。
The patient, a 36-year-old Italian man, developed fever, a sore throat, fatigue, headache, and an inflammation of the groin area about 9 days after returning from a 5-day trip to Spain.
据一篇发表在传染病医学刊物《感染杂志》上的病例报告显示，该男子出现症状3天后新冠病毒检测呈阳性。此前在今年1月，该男子在接种疫苗数周后也曾感染过新冠病毒。
The man tested positive for coronavirus 3 days after the symptoms appeared, according to a case report published in the Journal of Infection. The man also suffered from COVID-19 in January, which came just weeks after being vaccinated.
在新冠检测阳性几小时后，男子左臂出现疹子，一周内全身出现水疱，随后前往意大利南部西西里岛东海岸卡塔尼亚市的一家医院急诊。
Within hours of testing positive for coronavirus, a rash appeared on his left arm, and blisters spread across his body during the next few days, which prompted him to go to the emergency room at a hospital in Catania, a city on Sicily’s east coast.
经过一系列检测后，该男子猴痘、新冠和艾滋病毒检测都呈阳性。男子在将近一周的住院后出院，新冠和猴痘治愈，但是留下了疤痕。
A series of tests taken in the hospital came back positive for monkeypox, COVID-19 and HIV. The patient was released from hospital after nearly a week and recovered from COVID-19 and monkeypox, although a small scar remained.
患者从6月20日-7月19日的症状变化情况图 图源：《感染杂志》网站
卡塔尼亚大学的研究人员表示，该病例显示猴痘和新冠症状可能重合，病毒可能合并感染……这也是仅有的一例猴痘、新冠和艾滋病毒同时感染的病例，但是并没有足够证据表明多种病毒感染会加重患者病情。考虑到当前的新冠大流行以及与日俱增的猴痘病例数量，医疗系统必须了解可能产生的结果。
“This case highlights how monkeypox and COVID-19 symptoms may overlap……As this is the only reported case of monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection, there is still not enough evidence supporting that this combination may aggravate patient’s condition. Given the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the daily increase of monkeypox cases, healthcare systems must be aware of this eventuality,” the researchers, from the University of Catania, said in their case report.
研究人员的担忧不无道理，当前多国持续报告猴痘病例。其中，美国的猴痘病例数据尤为引人关注。
美国：病例超1.5万居全球之首
据美国疾病控制和预防中心25日更新的数据显示，美国已累计报告16925例人感染猴痘病例，病例数居全球之首。全球猴痘确诊病例超过4.6万。
The United States has confirmed over 16,000 monkeypox cases across all 50 states, according to the latest data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). So far the United States has the world's highest tally of monkeypox cases.
2022年7月30日，人们在美国纽约一处猴痘疫苗接种点进行手部消毒。新华社发（郭克摄）
5月18日，美国马萨诸塞州公共卫生部门报告今年美国首例猴痘确诊病例。此后，猴痘病毒迅速传播至全美各地。8月22日，怀俄明州报告首例猴痘感染病例。至此，美国所有50个州都出现了猴痘病例。拜登政府于8月4日宣布，猴痘疫情为该国公共卫生紧急事件。
Since the first monkeypox case was announced in a Massachusetts patient in mid-May, the disease has reached all 50 U.S. states. Wyoming became the final state to report a case of the disease on Monday. Amid growing calls from health officials across the country, the Joe Biden administration declared the current monkeypox outbreak to be a public health emergency on Aug. 4.
美国公共卫生专家指出，由于检测能力不足，美国实际猴痘病例数可能远高于官方统计数据。大部分疑似患者未得到及时检测，可能将病毒传给更多人。
美媒：在重复新冠疫情期间犯过的错误
面对猴痘疫情，美媒认为政府仍在重复新冠疫情期间犯过的错误，并未从中吸取教训。
《华盛顿邮报》17日刊文指出，美国政府应对猴痘疫情时接连犯错，如猴痘疫苗和治疗手段供应不足、检测能力受限、降低疫苗注射剂量引发疫苗生产商不满等等，这些错误加剧了本已严峻的猴痘疫情形势。
美国全国广播公司新闻台（NBC）18日的一篇文章称，猴痘疫情相比新冠疫情的挑战小得多，但是美国依然没能控制住疫情。
文章称，美国没有经受住新冠后的第一次考验，而新冠疫情本身也没有结束。美国依然深陷疫情的泥沼之中，今夏病例数量是疫情以来最严重的。同时，在新病毒猴痘来袭时，美国也无法将过去两年中获得的经验教训充分加以利用应对。
America has failed its first post-Covid test — and Covid isn’t even over. The country remains fully mired in the pandemic, with this summer’s caseloads among the worst since the novel coronavirus first surfaced. At the same time, we have been unable to apply the lessons painfully gleaned over the past two years to the next virus to come along, monkeypox.
图源：NBC视频
美国卫生和公共服务部18日表示，已向各地分发近100万剂“吉尼奥斯”猴痘疫苗；并且将再追加180万剂供订购。
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has delivered nearly 1 million doses of vaccines to states and cities. An additional 1.8 million doses of vaccine will be available to jurisdictions for ordering.
图为2022年8月11日，医护人员在美国洛杉矶一处猴痘疫苗接种点为一名男子接种疫苗。新华社发（曾慧摄）
但根据此前《纽约时报》的报道，专家预计当前控制疫情需350万剂疫苗。
A report from the New York Times said that health experts estimated that the US will need 3.5 million monkeypox vaccines to control the outbreak of the virus.
面对疫苗供应窘境，美国食品和药物管理局9日紧急授权猴痘疫苗新接种方案，接种方式由皮下注射改为皮内注射，每次注射所需疫苗剂量仅为原来的五分之一。但是批评人士认为，这清晰地表明政府没有足够疫苗来应对猴痘疫情。
The Biden administration has not acquired additional doses of the monkeypox vaccine. Instead, it is trying to stretch the existing stockpile by promoting a different method of administration that uses one-fifth as much per shot. Federal health officials say that is just as effective when injected into the skin instead of a full dose into underlying fat.
这一新方案的安全性和有效性引发争议。路透社报道，“吉尼奥斯”猴痘疫苗生产厂商丹麦药企巴伐利亚北欧公司对新接种方式的安全性提出质疑，认为其缺乏安全数据支持，并且担忧接种者可能无法获得第二剂。
And the protocol has raised concerns from some scientists, activists and the vaccine’s manufacturer, Bavarian Nordic. The company expressed “some reservations” about the system, citing “very limited safety data” and concerns that patients might not receive a required second dose.
此外，美国疫情相关数据的缺乏也备受诟病。美国沃克斯网站日前刊文称，缺乏准确数据是美国应对猴痘疫情和新冠疫情过程中犯下的相同错误之一。应对任何疫情都要以获取准确数据为基础，但美国长期以来支离破碎的卫生系统并不具备这种能力。
综合来源：新华网，BNO News，New York Times，NBC
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